Favorite planets

Keep up-to-date on some planets...

Earth

Jupiter

Mars

Mercury

Pluto

Saturn
Venus
 

And the Moon .

Pluto, Saturn, Hawking, Earth's gravity

Just in.

Stephen Hawking released data today indicating an issue with Earth's gravity.

On March 31st 2009, Stephen Hawking announced on BBC Radio that at 9:47 PM the planet Pluto would pass behind Jupiter, temporarily causing a gravitational alignment that would counteract and lessen the Earth's own gravity.

Moore later.

Additional information...

Hawking told the listeners that "if they jumped in the air at the exact moment that this planetary alignment occurs, they would experience a strange floating sensation."

Saturn loses rings on Christmas morning--NAW

A Christmas treat via compliments of Saturn. So get up before sunrise and with the aid of a telescope [which might be under the tree] view a Saturn with nearly no rings. And, at that early hour, you might meet "the man".

"Saturn's Crazy Christmas Tilt"

by

Dr. Tony Phillips

December 22nd, 2008

Science@NASA

You look through the telescope. Blink. Shake your head and look again. The planet you expected to see in the eyepiece is not the one that's actually there. Too much eggnog? No, it's just Saturn's crazy Christmas tilt.

All year long, the rings of Saturn have been tilting toward Earth and now they are almost perfectly edge-on. The opening angle is a paper-thin 0.8o. Viewed from the side, the normally wide and bright rings have become a shadowy line bisecting Saturn's two hemispheres--a scene of rare beauty.

Amateur astronomer Efrain Morales Rivera of Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, has been monitoring Saturn and he created this composite image to show how the geometry has changed.

Astronomers call the phenomenon a "ring plane crossing." As Saturn goes around the sun, it periodically (once every 14 to 15 years) turns its rings edge-on to Earth. Because the rings are so thin, they can actually disappear when viewed through a backyard telescope. At the precise moment of crossing, Saturn undergoes a startling metamorphosis. The ringed planet becomes a lonely ball of gas, almost unrecognizable....

(Historical note: Shortly after Galileo discovered Saturn's rings in 1610, they disappeared in precisely this fashion. Galileo didn't understand the nature of the rings and the vanishing act confused him mightily. Nevertheless, his physical intuition prevailed. "They'll be back," he predicted, and without ever knowing why, he was correct.)

We're not quite there yet. The opening angle won't be precisely 0o until Sept. 4, 2009. Don't bother marking your calendar, though. Saturn will be so close to the sun, no one will be able to see the rings wink out.

The best time to look is now.

The 0.8o opening angle of Christmas 2008 is the minimum for some time to come. In January 2009 the rings begin to open up again, a temporary reversal caused by the orbital motions of Earth and Saturn. By the time narrowing resumes in summer 2009, Saturn will be approaching the sun; looking through a telescope then could actually be dangerous. The next ring plane crossing that's easy to watch won't come until 2038.

So wake up before sunrise on Dec. 25th, point your telescope at the golden "star" in Leo, and behold Saturn's crazy Christmas tilt....

Titan: Science...faith

It hasn't been brought foreword yet, but I'm sure the debate will begin to boil. The preliminary data revealed by Huygens regarding Saturn's largest moon Titan and based on our current perspectives of what it takes for life to originate and prosper, some religions and individuals of the world may begin to become nervous. Claiming exoplanets [candidates for environments for life] exist is one thing, but to have a potentially life giving body in our own backyard is another thing. Some will become offended that man's uniqueness and relationship with God would be tarnished and shake the foundations of faith. If it is granted that a body like Titan could produce and sustain life [even sentient beings in time], then it is quite possible it has happened before, now, or tomorrow anywhere in the universe. [That still doesn't preclude contact.] For some this idea would erode the relationship with God. Frankly, such a situation in no way necessitates any diminished perspective of God. All concepts associated with God may well be honored for all citizens of the universe. It is better for religion/theology to embrace science and modify some of the old tenants. Science is not on a campaign to abolish personal or collective faith, but to enhance. Resistance and rigidity are not really good ideas for science isn't leaving anytime soon and the issues will have to be resolved. Any thoughts about the above. And please, refrain from a religious "soap box" approach by citing religious texts. Titan may well be the first close step to finding a happy ground between religion and science and cease all the bickering.

Here is an interesting perspective [in four parts] regarding the possibility of life on Titan from Jonathan Lunine [Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona].

Part One:
"On Ammonia and Astrobiology"

Part Two:
"The Missing Methane"

Part Three:
"Comparing the Triad of Great Moons"

Part Four:
"On Ammonia and Astrobiology"


NASA Press Release:

"During its closest flyby of Saturn's moon Titan on April 16, the
Cassini spacecraft came within 1,027 kilometers (638 miles) of
the moon's surface and found that the outer layer of the thick,
hazy atmosphere is brimming with complex hydrocarbons.

Scientists believe that Titan's atmosphere may be a laboratory
for studying the organic chemistry that preceded life and
provided the building blocks for life on Earth. The role of the
upper atmosphere in this organic "factory" of hydrocarbons is
very intriguing to scientists, especially given the large number
of different hydrocarbons detected by Cassini during the flyby.

Cassini's ion and neutral mass spectrometer detects charged and
neutral particles in the atmosphere. It provides scientists with
valuable information from which to infer the structure, dynamics
and history of Titan's atmosphere. Complex mixtures of
hydrocarbons and carbon-nitrogen compounds were seen throughout the range of masses measured by the Cassini ion and neutral mass spectrometer instrument.

"We are beginning to appreciate the role of the upper atmosphere
in the complex carbon cycle that occurs on Titan," said Dr.
Hunter Waite, principal investigator of the Cassini ion and
neutral mass spectrometer and professor at the University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor. "Ultimately, this information from the
Saturn system will help us determine the origins of organic
matter within the entire solar system."

Hydrocarbons containing as many as seven carbon atoms were
observed, as well as nitrogen-containing hydrocarbons (nitriles).
Titan's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen, followed by
methane, the simplest hydrocarbon. The nitrogen and methane are
expected to form complex hydrocarbons in a process induced by
sunlight or energetic particles from Saturn's magnetosphere.
However, it is surprising to find the plethora of complex
hydrocarbon molecules in the upper reaches of the atmosphere.
Titan is very cold, and complex hydrocarbons would be expected to condense and rain down to the surface.

"Biology on Earth is the primary source of organic production we
are familiar with, but the key question is: what is the ultimate
source of the organics in the solar system?" added Waite.

Interstellar clouds produce abundant quantities of organics,
which are best viewed as the dust and grains incorporated in
comets. This material may have been the source of early organic
compounds on Earth from which life formed. Atmospheres of planets and their satellites in the outer solar system, while containing methane and molecular nitrogen, are largely devoid of oxygen. In this non-oxidizing environment under the action of ultraviolet light from the Sun or energetic particle radiation (from Saturn's magnetosphere in this case), these atmospheres can also produce large quantities of organics, and Titan is the prime example in our solar system. This same process is a possible pathway for formation of complex hydrocarbons on early Earth."

References:

"Has Huygens found life on Titan?"

"Scientists Reconsider Habitability of Saturn's Moon"

"Study suggests Titan may hold keys for exotic brand of life"

"The Living Worlds Hypothesis"

"Titan: A Living World?"

"Voyage to the Mystery Moon" [PBS NOVA]